Information Systems

How organizations can gain a strategic advantage with information systems The usefulness of utilizing appropriate information systems (IS) for efficient management is documented. It is worth saying that the advances in the application of advanced IT infrastructure has motivated organizations to develop and adopt I formation Systems (IS) and IT strategies to facilitate the design of business strategies. This process aims at supporting organizational missions and getting them on an edge of advantage over their competitors (Ramanathan, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Information Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The nature of the contemporary business environment has necessitated that organizations design mechanisms in delivering on their objectives. Studies reveal that information systems have this potential to offer strategic advantages to organizations seeking greater performance. The following are some of the ways through which IS may lend numerous advantages to organizations. Strategic IS helps organizations to gain competitive advantages through contributing toward organizational goals. Organizations can gain from the efficiencies offered by IS strategic placements to substantially increase performance and productivity. A firm that obtains and implement IS systems have the ability to increase productivity and quality in the production processes. Computer applications such as cloud-based data systems have the capacity to reduce costs of IT that account for an increased expenditures of an organizations. The impact of digital economy is enormous and firms should take advantage of the strategic cost-effectiveness of applying relevant IS strategies. Innovation and creativity is critical in delivering intended objectives. Firms can achieve this element by investing heavily in research and development (RD). studies on firms that invested substantial resources in RD recorded steady growth compared to firms that lagged behind in terms of application and use of IS enabled research and development. Organizations can reap from the usefulness of IT infrastructure in reaching a wide market. Supply chains remain the true examples of businesses that have gained profitability through the implementation of the best of breed IS strategies. Similarly, the intention of organizations is to remain a market leader in respect of price, quality and reliability. IS and IT systems have proven successful in leveraging organizations against increased operational costs. Using this intrinsic advantage, organizations can model their pricing structures in order to exercise price leadership. In addition, IS systems have the capacity of assisting firms to reach best quality customers who have the potential of moving firms to higher levels of returns and profitabilityAdvertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Contribution of an IS sourcing strategy toward gaining a strategic advantage Research documents that organizations with strong and efficient IS systems posses within themselves the ability to explore various market fundamentals that remain unexploited by firms with weak or no proper IS infrastructures. IS sourcing has far-reaching influence on a firm’s ability to create competitive advantage over and above its competitors in the industry. Businesses seek to gain competitive intelligence through informational search (Hira Hira, 2008). Informational advantages aim at enabling an organization to gain market knowledge. In ensuring that organizations achieve this goal, the management can adopt strategic IS. When an organization has enough information regarding its customer needs, supplier information, and information about their immediate competitors, they are likely to benefits from informational benefits compared to firm with little information about their respective market elements. Development of efficient and robust information system may be an expensive attempt to get things in place. Therefore, organizations that project to utilize such IS strategies may source IT services from vetted vendors. An excellent example could be the use of vendor-based cloud computing and data warehousing. Research estimates that organizations can cut on operational costs by about 30% with sourced IS systems. This draws from the fact that firms do not incur costs related to maintenance of IS infrastructure, labor and data security costs. Clearly, organizations end up with reduced costs translating to reduced market prices for their products. In this sense, firms implementing outsourced IS have the strategic advantage of modeling lower prices compared to firms that have extended IT costs. In return, firms can achieve to implement cost-leadership strategies capable of resulting in increased market share, image as well as building a strong brand image. Re view of Literature on Offshore IS Outsourcing In today’s business operations, offshore outsourcing has become the most popular form of business information outsourcing. The application of offshore information has Working Papers on Information Systems have the potential in moving organizations to higher levels of strategic business position. The application of IS offshore outsourcing demands a detailed comparison of various capabilities in order to achieve several objective. Firms engaged in offshore forms of outsourcing have the challenge of facing the barriers of language, cultural diversities, and differences in time zones as well as varied organizational cultures (Windle, 2005).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Information Systems specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Studies reveal that the firms using offshore outsourcing in gaining strategic IS experiences changes in the internal arrangements of business departments or units. It is worth noting that engaging in offshore outsourcing means getting together with other firms to overcome the challenges of limited IT and IS elements. Ranganathan Balaji (2007) noted that in the process of acquiring an offshore IT infrastructure, an organization faces the challenges of strategic cultural orientation in order to align itself to the differences in culture (Chaffey, 2002). The end-users of the acquired IS system usually report the problem of working with the offshore team consisting o completely different cultures. Although the utilization of offshore IS has great potential in shifting the productivity of an organization toward a sustainable phase, such an organization should put up structures necessary to cushion itself against the challenges of diversity. Currently, firms have focused on the concept of strategic intelligence through developing plausible informational frameworks. The thinking behind this move has been that organizations wish ing to perform over and above the industry average must gain intelligence of the market in order to safeguard themselves against the vulnerabilities of lack of particular information concerning their operational environment. Ranganathan Balaji (2007) noted that firms might develop though two strategic ways in order to design their organizational capabilities. In a bid to obtain organizational capabilities, a firm may do so through making use of its past outsourcing experiences (Knaus, 2007). Proponents of capability thinking assert that companies that utilize their long-term past experiences have the capacity to outperform their immediate competitors because these set o accumulated experiences wilt be challenging or difficult to model of imitate by other participants in the same industry. On the other hand, capabilities may also be achieved not only through internal modalities but also through deliberate investment through organizational frameworks and routine (King, 1996). In rela ting critical capability thinking and IS offshore outsourcing, significant advantage would be gained though using the past outsourcing experience. It follows that organizations may gain substantially from the extreme importance of their past knowledge and skill with various vendors.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Ranganathan Balaji (2007) illustrates how organizations that used platforms of other firms to build their capacities. Regardless of the approach used, IS executives must be cautious about the necessary tools and resources necessary for creating strategic advantage through outsourcing. Distinct and specific advantages can be sought after by skillful analysis of the available vendors whose market positioning can help to yield multiple advantages. Although strategic outsourcing via offshore outsourcing has proven advantageous over a long period, studies have displayed challenges associated with this kind of IS sourcing. In his studies, Windle (2005) explores some of the potential problems that might accompany offshore outsourcing. He notes that often, firms that used this form experienced routine disruptions in general workflow, thus bringing about operational inefficiencies. Besides creating routine disruption to the organizational work practices, end users also experienced problem a rising from the operational problems. In a separate study conducted by Callon (1996), firms utilizing offshore outsourcing to gain strategic advantage inevitably faced problems of layoffs and imbalance in staff functions. Problems associated with sourcing for experienced staff to serve in foreign subsidiaries due to strategic partnership with offshore vendors afford numerous challenges (Hemmatfar, Salehi Bayat, 2010). A research conducted by Ahlemann (2009) reveals that firms that excel in offshore outsourcing have the capacity to design and advance high-level strategic processes. In this study to explore the relevance of strategic thinking, Ahlemann (2009) attempt to designate the concept of capability, as a systematic thinking on the facets of IS offshore. This systematic process involves the ability to identify relevant and plausible items in offshore outsourcing and assessment of the existing state of a firm in order to establish an appropriate route toward transition. Systemat ic thinking enables firms to routinely explore their connections and the desired strategic IS elements to formulate the most appropriate responses to the outsourcing needs (Sarker Sarker, 2009). The most important element of offshore outsourcing is systematic thinking aimed at ensuring that only applicable components applied in a bid to discover sustainable strategies (Callon, 1996; Lacity Rottman, 2008). Relationship Governance- it refers to the process of managing the relationship between the offshore vendor company and the firm seeking strategic offshore services. Usually managers from both ends must be willing to examine themselves against the contractual relationship sought after in order to realize a proper position without limiting the organization’s operational elements such as key success factors (CSFs), professional values, and organizational values and culture. Problems set in where organizations failed to manage relationships leading to the creation of the offsh ore alliances. In a study conducted to investigate the successful application of offshore management strategies, Hemmatfar, Salehi Bayat (2010) found that less effective firms in coordinating failed to invest adequately in the off-shoring structures and routines. A case in example is the MarketCo, which failed to invest in offshore structures due to inappropriate governance structures. Although creating a comprehensive contract schema can offer the best relationship protection mechanisms, studies show that the inability to unite this element with proper and appropriate Discussion of managerial challenges The process of attaining the strategic business advantage through establishing a plausible IS strategy remains a he challenge to most management in various organizations (Torkzadeh King, 2008). Although the application of IS systems and strategies have demonstrated to serve organizations, some firms have failed to benefit from their eminent advantages. Challenges of implementation of the relevant IS strategies range from choice of proper strategies that suit the conditions of the firm. Additionally, firms face the challenges of resistance to change as evidenced by lack of flexible organizational cultures. Firms that lag behind in terms of designing a sustainable set of organizational core values may be vulnerable to challenges of ineffective implementation of IS strategies (Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants, 2003) Inclusion in the entire process of seeking up to outsourcing offshore services demands that managers remain actively engaged. Studies on offshore outsourcing have documented that organizations whose managers remained reserved during the offshoring-experienced problems of managing relationships with the external vendor businesses (Blokdijk, 2008). Irregular meeting, uncoordinated strategies led to poor outcomes due to tendencies of withdrawing executive attention from the processes of off-shoring (Chaffey, 2002). Challenges of human resour ce management continue to face most firms trying to access global offshore vendor services. Since diversity among firms is eminent, firms must employ specialized tools such as software configuration management and collaboration tools to efficiently coordinate and distribute resources (Torkzadeh King, 2008). Managerial executives encounter challenges of identifying, acquiring, and deploying necessary HR capacities to manage internal and offshore utilities. Therefore, the management of an outsourcing firm should incorporate all the staff in the process of outsourcing to achieve unity of purpose. Cultural divert as a basic concept in business outsourcing can challenge the stability of an outsourcing as well as the outsourced firm. Both entities must compromise on their strict organizational cultures in order t appeal to the desirable mix of cultures gained from the strategic partnership. References Ahlemann, F., 2009. Towards a conceptual reference model for project management informa tion systems. International Journal of Project Management, 27(1), pp.19-30. Blokdijk, G., 2008. Outsourcing 100 Success Secrets: 100 Most Asked Questions: The Missing IT, Business Process, Call Center, Hr -Outsourcing to India, China and More Guide. London: Lulu.com. Callon, J.D., 1996. Competitive Advantage through Information Technology. New York: McGraw Hill, USA. Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants., 2003. Information Technology Outsourcing. Web. Chaffey, D., 2002. E-business and E-C management. England: Prentice-Hall. Hemmatfar, M., Salehi, M., Bayat, M. (2010). Competitive Advantages and Strategic Information Systems. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(7), pp.1-11 Hira, R., Hira, A., 2008. Outsourcing America: the true cost of shipping jobs overseas and what can be done about it. New York, NY: AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. King, W.R., 1996. Achieving global strategic advantage. Information Systems Management, 13 (4), p. 57. Knaus, M. , 2007. Macro E conomic Issues of Offshore Outsourcing. New York, NY: GRIN Verlag. Lacity, M.C., Rottman, J., 2008. Offshore outsourcing of IT work Electronic book: client and supplier perspectives. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. Ramanathan, T.R., 2009. The Role of Organisational Change Management in Offshore Outsourcing of Information Technology Services: Qualitative Case Studies from a Multinational Pharmaceutical Company. Washingto, DC: Universal-Publishers. Ranganathan, C., Balaji, S., 2007. Critical Capabilities for Offshore Outsourcing of Information Systems. Working Papers on Information Systems. Sarker, S., Sarker, S., 2009. Exploring Agility in Distributed Information Systems Development Teams: An Interpretive Study in an Offshoring Context.Information Systems Research, 20(3), pp. 440- 461. Torkzadeh, G., King, W.R., 2008. Information Systems Off shoring: Research Status and Issues, MIS Quarterly, 32 (2), pp. 205- 225. Windle, L.P., 2005. Successful Strategic Outsourcing. Retrieved from https://www.facilitiesnet.com/equipmentrentaltools/article.aspx?id=2860 This essay on Information Systems was written and submitted by user Camilo F. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

nano-technology essays

nano-technology essays One of the big problems not fully appreciated with current ideas in nano technology research is the energy requirement for the development of shuttles and using it to carry the bots to other planets. First of all, the design of the shuttle would have to be very intricate because it would have to be able to manage to intense cold since it has to travel farther and farther away from the sun. And as for the probes that are going to build a base for colonization, it requires a new type of energy unlike solar power because as it travels farther, there would not be enough solar energy to make the bots function. Battery-charged energy would also fail because the probes are designed to stay on the planet long enough to build the base. A new type of energy that the group created is some type of regenerative energy that is built inside the probes. This allows the probes the period of time to build the base. Another requirement or idea that is needed for our invention that is not present in the world today is some sort of advanced satellite transmission. Since the probes have to travel very far, it has to be able to transmit information that is collected from its exploration on the planets. The present technology does not allow satellite transmission, for example, in Pluto. That is the reason why we need new and improved satellites. Another method is to place better satellites that are able to withstand extreme weather changes, between the planets in intervals. For example, we would position a satellite at Saturn and one near the Earth. The probe would be able to send information from Pluto to the satellite near Saturn. Then the satellite would transmit the info to the satellite located near Earth. ...

Nationality Immigration and Asylum Law Case Study

Nationality Immigration and Asylum Law - Case Study Example There are two possible avenues that Joshua can take, which is to apply for a straightforward work visa or apply through the Highly Skilled Immigrant Programme. The advantages and disadvantages of both programmes will be explored; as well as the eligibility of Joshua. 1) The position that is sought must be at an NVQ level or higher, i.e. a skilled work position. Also if the person is applying for a professional position the individual must be registered with the applicable governing body of that profession. 2) The educational level that the individual holds must meet the required skills of the job at a NVQ level 3 or higher OR the individual must hold the relevant experience that the UK educational bodies would apply to the individual's work experience. The work permit approvable educational experience are as follows: 3) In addition to the work permit if Joshua wants to remain more than six months he must apply for UK Entry Clearance, as he is looking for a possible change and move towards the UK this may be a requirement. If Joshua wants to make an informed decision in whether he wants to remain to work in the UK he probably will want to apply for UK Entry Clearance, especially when most work visas are between 1 and 5 years. UK Entry Clearance is just indication on the individual's passport the reason for staying in the UK 4) The position that is being applied for has to be advertised, unless it is a designated shortage occupation by the UK government and a work visa is easily approved as long as all other criteria are complied with. On the other hand, if it is a non-shortage area then the employer prior to hiring Joshua has to illustrate an attempt to employ from within the EEA workforce. This means it is a lot easier for Joshua to apply for a work visa within the UK after being accepted by a company here that has complied with the Immigration Directorate's guidelines if it is in an area where there are no shortages in the UK. 5) Finally, Joshua will be able to have his wife and child enter the UK with him as long as he can prove that they are still co-habiting together. The main problem with taking this approach is that Joshua will have to extend his visa every time that it expires and will the have to take the avenue of further leave to remain; however as EU law states this applicable continuously after a one year's continuous employment has occurred1. Therefore these provisions will have to be explored if Joshua and his family decide to reside in the UK. This means that Joshua will have to apply for indefinite leave to remain after 5 continuous years of work permits, after this time he can apply for indefinite leave. In this time Joshua has to ensure that he stays in good standing with the British Government and does not commit an imprisonable offence otherwise he can be deported effective immediately2. The second avenue that Joshua can take is as a highly skilled migrant, which means this sets him for living in the UK indefinitely. This will make the transition if he

Financial Project Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Financial Project - Research Paper Example Identify the highest interest rate you could refinance at in order to pay the current balance in 20 years. Determine the interest rate that would require a monthly total payment that is less than your current total payment. In addition, refinancing costs you $2000 up-front in closing costs. Therefore, the highest interest rate that would result in less than the current loan repayments would be 4.50%, where the monthly total will amount paid towards the loan, and the principal will be $695.08, which is less than the current $706.12. However, the closing costs of $2,000 upfront may weigh on the ability to get into a refinancing agreement deal. In order to answer this, you need to look at different interest rates. Know that if you refinance, your minimum monthly payments will be based on a 30-year loan (though you still want to be done in 20 years). Also, refinancing costs you a couple of thousand dollars up front in closing costs. Refinancing this loan has two obvious downsides: the repayment period will increase, and extra expenses will be incurred in terms of closing costs. However, the refinancing will lower the monthly repayment amounts by at least $68.79. For a person in a poor credit position due to the demands of the current loan repayments, the refinancing would be a welcome relief to boost this credit

Feminine and Ethics of Care and Virtue Ethics Assignment

Feminine and Ethics of Care and Virtue Ethics - Assignment Example One of the main differences between ethics of care and virtue ethics is that they have a distinct assumption on what makes a right from an individual. This implies that their judgment of the moral character varies.   Virtue ethics theories assume that the roles of character and virtue in moral philosophy is important than doing one's duty to bring a positive impact.   These theorists also believe in virtues such as courage, self-control, generosity, honesty that keeps them going and overcoming daily challenges. On the other hand, ethics of care theorists are concerned with what makes an action right or wrong they do not only apply just and autonomy . They emphasize the importance of response as opposed to what is just argued by other theories.There are many advantages of determining and selecting moral action as virtue ethics provide. For example, the proponents of virtue ethics believe that a virtuous person has the ideal character traits that they apply in every situation and d rive their natural internal tendencies ones they are nurtured. It is because of this that people, families care for their loved ones by socializing them to the expectation of the society. Similarly, those who select virtue ethics have a good reasoning and have good plans. They also apply their common sense intuition that others admire o they apply them. Moreover, they do not only apply just and autonomy but to encompass traits that may include caring and nurturing others to walk the path that leads to prosperity.

Relationship Between Doubt And Knowledge Philosophy Essay

Relationship Between Doubt And Knowledge Philosophy Essay Doubt is the key to knowledge (Persian Proverb). To what extent is this true in two areas of knowledge? Some definitions of doubt emphasize the state in which the mind remains suspended between two contradictory propositions and unable to assent to either of them. Doubt makes us aware and allows us to assess the reliability of the source of knowledge we are using. Doubt brings into question some notion of a perceived reality, and may involve delaying or rejecting relevant action out of concerns for mistakes or faults or appropriateness. The concept of doubt covers a range of phenomena: one can characterize both deliberate questioning of uncertainties and an emotional state of indecision as doubt. Doubt could be the key to knowledge but till it doesnt make the person reject everything he discovers. For example, if I doubt that I am going to flunk in IB then it is not a serious key to knowledge. If this motivates you and makes you study like mad then it is. If it discourages you then it is not. So, doubt is only a key to knowledge under certain circumstances. Moreover, there is always the danger of skepticism, that endless tendency to doubt and question. Regarding to skepticism and doubt it should be mentioned that regarding to Cartesian skepticism there is an aim to eliminate every belief that could be doubted and so Descartes keeps only the basic beliefs from which he will gain further knowledge. So doubt is the key to knowledge under certain circumstances. Doubt makes us aware and allows us to assess reliability of the source of knowledge we are using. In Science this means questioning things (attempt to falsify). Every discovery begins with a point for doubt. We see and perceive the world with the help of our senses but we dont know what is real. Natural Sciences are a quite reliable body of human knowledge, exactly because it is based on experiments and proof and has at its base the scientific method. In order to test the doubts and lead to a conclusion we follow a scientific method. First of all we ask a question which is associated with the doubt that we have and want to investigate. Then we evaluate information and so we are led to form a hypothesis. After that, we test our hypothesis with the help of an experiment in order to justify our doubt or not. In the end we observe what happened in the experiment and we draw a conclusion by either justifying our doubt or rejecting it. Avogadro, who was a scientist having studied mathemati cs and science, proposed his now famous hypothesis that equal volumes of gases, at the same temperature and pressure, contain equal numbers of molecules   and made the distinction between atoms and molecules, which today seems clear. However, Dalton rejected Avogadros hypothesis because Dalton believed that atoms of the same kind could not combine. Since it was believed that atoms were held together by an electrical force, only unlike atoms would be attracted together, and like atoms should repel. Therefore it seemed impossible for a molecule of oxygen, O2, to exist. Avogadros work, even if it was read appears not to have been understood, and was pushed into the dark recesses of chemistry libraries and ignored. In Science we can never be 100% confident in our results because during investigations many errors can occur and thats why doubting is legitimate in science. There might be some possible errors in the application of the scientific method (errors due to instruments, biases, problems of deduction/induction) which may lead to a weird result of an experiment and this would be confirmed by repeating the experimental procedure. A personal example is that in Chemistry class we had to observe water transport in a celery stalk. Due to a mistake in the method that we followed (we didnt stop the timer in the right time but later) the results came out to be strange and wrong. So, we had to repeat the investigation in order to be more accurate with time and therefore gain the results that we expect. In an IB Biology class the aim of the investigation was to see whether there is an effect of varying concentration of a certain sugar solution on the amount of osmotic activity between the solution and a potato chip of given size or not. So, we followed a certain method and then we proved that our doubt, which was that the lower concentration of the sugar solution in the beaker the larger the mass of the potato will be, was justified. This is a hypothesis not a doubt. It looks like a doubt though. This example makes us understand the fact that we cannot reach a point where everything important in a scientific sense is known because through the doubts we investigate and find everyday new things that provide us knowledge. All the above points are associated with theories that are provisional. Provisional theories are theories that are accepted until we reach a point where we reject them. What leads us to the point of rejection is doubt. Moreover, it should be mentioned that similar to provisional theories is falsification. Falsification is again based on doubt. Falsification includes theories that are provisional and need justifications and evidence in order to prove the doubt or not. At that point it should be mentioned an example of Paradigm shift which means that some established theories that were doubted have been revised. Paradigm shift is a term used by Thomas Kuhn to describe a change in basic assumptions within the ruling theory of science. An application of Paradigm shift can be seen in the natural sciences and is the acceptance of Charles Darwins theory of natural selection replaced Lamarckism as the mechanism for evolution. Gregory Mendel, before he demonstrated the whole issue for monohybrid crosses he doubted it and made a falsification. His theory was seen as a provisional explanation but after he gained evidence by crossing varieties of pea plants which had different characteristics, he demonstrated his theory which is left in the history of science as Mendels Monohybrid Crosses. In conclusion for one more time this example shows that doubt is the key to knowledge. In Mathematics like in other subjects, we built on things that we previously learned or proved. We built on axioms which are self-evident statements. We take axioms without question and from these we can use the rules of logic to work out problems. An example of an axiom is that, an odd number is a number which can be written as 2n + 1, where n is a whole number. We could not gain knowledge if we have doubt on a fundamental assumption. On the contrary some theorists believe that having no doubt can lead to error in some cases. They believe that a little sense of doubt can mean that someone is open-minded and can gain further knowledge. But in pure mathematics, everything (logic, axioms, mathematical structureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) is within the laws and conventions. Everything is deductively reasoned, and once something is proved, it is true no matter that space and time. Therefore, doubt in mathematics is not necessarily the key to knowledge. But again sometimes depends on how we define doubt. If we for example doubt that something in mathematics missing and trying to find it, we will certainly bring the development of the knowledge. One such example is Godels Incompleteness Theorem. Kurt Gà ¶del is most famous for his second incompleteness theorem, and many people are unaware that, important as it was and is within the field of mathematical logic and beyond, this result is only the middle movement, so to speak, of a metamathematical symphony of results stretching from 1929 through 1937. These results are: the Completeness Theorem; the First and Second Incompleteness Theorems; and the consistency of the Generalized Continuum Hypothesis (GCH) and the Axiom of Choice (AC) with the other axioms of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory. The first incompleteness theorem states that no consistent system of axioms whose theorems can be listed by an effective procedure (essentially, a computer program) is capable of proving all facts about the natural numbers. For any such system, there will always be statements about the natural numbers that are true, but that are improvable within the system. The second incompleteness theorem s hows that if such a system is also capable of proving certain basic facts about the natural numbers, then one particular arithmetic truth the system cannot prove is the consistency of the system itself. Pythagoras theorem based on trigonometry was firstly demonstrated by Euclidis, a famous mathematician in Ancient Greece but because of his sudden death another couple doubted about the context of the theorem and therefore they reconstructed his theory centuries after his death. This example shows us that doubt is the key to knowledge since the couple guided by their doubt continued the theory and therefore expanded the mathematical knowledge. Cartesian doubt is methodological. Its purpose is to use doubt as a route to certain knowledge by finding those things which could not be doubted.] The fallibility of sense data in particular is a subject of Cartesian doubt. There is a debate on whether doubt in Ethics can or cannot be a key to knowledge. Critic and doubt in ethics examine our decisions in our everyday life and our actions from private and personal to public and political. Sometimes doubt in ethics tries to provide us with a guide for moral decisions and generally choices. Ethical axioms are tested not very differently to the axioms of science. Truth is what stands the test of time. As an example, let us suppose that abortion on demand is wrong. We want to collect relevant evidence and information to test whether our belief is reasonable and valid. One way to justify our belief is to say that abortion is wrong because abortion is murder and so murder is wrong too. Of course I should demonstrate the truth of the fact that abortion and murder are wrong and therefore to suggest that abortion which is wrong is true because the baby is alive and murder occurs since the life is taken unnecessarily. The philosopher Kant has worked with Ethics and doubt and has claimed that in order to judge an act, we should first consider what principle governs the act and to imagine what would happen if someone obeyed the principle. Kant also suggests that we judge on whether the act is good not by seeing if it produced good effects but by seeing if a consistent world is produced. Moreover another point that should be mentioned on ethics and doubt is the ethical theories. Philosophers came up with theories that help a person to define morally right behaviors. One such theory is the Deontological theory which says that people have a duty to refrain from actions that this duty will be determined by the nature of the action itself, therefore individuals should perform their duties regardless of the consequences, individuals have a duty to refrain from bad behavior and the bad behavior will be determined by the nature of the action. This theory can be applied to real-life situations where individu als have the option of doing right or wrong. The individuals should refrain from the bad behavior no matter which the consequences are. In both areas of knowledge we justify the fact that doubt is not always the key to knowledge. Actually in the second area of knowledge (mathematics), we observed that doubt can be a key to knowledge regarding to the definition that we give to doubt as a word. Therefore the starting statement of the essay, whether doubt is the key to knowledge is right but it should also be added under certain circumstances. What we would do overall is first of all not to doubt everything around us because on the one hand we gain knowledge from doubt but on the other hand, some things are deductively reasoning and once they have been proved, they are true for all time regardless of space and time. Word Count:2.079

The Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy :: JFK Assassination American Presidents Essays

The Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy THE ASSASSINATION of John Fitzgerald Kennedy on November 22, 1963, was a cruel and shocking act of violence directed against a man, a family, a nation, and against all mankind. A young and vigorous leader whose years of public and private life stretched before him was the Victim of the fourth Presidential assassination in the history of a country dedicated to the concepts of reasoned argument and peaceful political change. This Commission was created on November 29, 1963, in recognition of the right of people everywhere to full and truthful knowledge concerning these events. This report endeavors to fulfill that right and to appraise this tragedy by the light of reason and the standard of fairness. It has been prepared with a deep awareness of the Commission's responsibility to present to the American people an objective report of the facts relating to the assassination. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Narrative of Events At 11:40 a.m., c.s.t., on Friday, November '22, 1963, President John F. Kennedy, Mrs. Kennedy, and their party arrived at Love Field, Dallas, Tex. Behind them was the first day of a Texas trip planned 5 months before by the President, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson, and John B. Connally, Jr., Governor of Texas. After leaving the White House on Thursday morning, the President had flown initially to San Antonio where Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson joined the party and the President dedicated new research facilities at the U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine. Following a testimonial dinner in Houston for U.S. Representative Albert Thomas, the President flew to Fort Worth where he spent the night and spoke at a large breakfast gathering on Friday. Planned for later that day were a motorcade through downtown Dallas, a luncheon speech at the Trade Mart, and a flight to Austin where the President would attend a reception and speak at a Democratic fundraising dinner. From Austin he would proceed to the Texas ranch of the Vice President. Evident on this trip were the varied roles which an American President performs--Head of State, Chief Executive, party leader, and, in this instance, prospective candidate for reelection. The Dallas motorcade, it was hoped, would evoke a demonstration of the President's personal popularity in a city which he had lost in the 1960 election. Once it had been decided that the trip to Texas would span 2 days, those responsible for planning, primarily Governor Connally and Kenneth O'Donnell, a special assistant to the President, agreed that a motorcade through Dallas would be desirable.

Rise of Totalitarianism

At the end of World War I, totalitarianism began to rise. To keep the countries at peace they created The League Of Nations. It did not execute its duties well, and failed to enforce treaties, and prevent invasions. At the end of the war France designed the Treaty of Versailles to punish Germany, and it caused many problems in Germany. The rise of totalitarianism could have been stopped if, the Treaty of Versailles was not as severe, the League of Nations was more effective, and had their not been an economic downfall.The Treaty of Versailles had some harsh regulations. This treaty stated Germany had to pay high reparations, take the blame for the war, have land taken from them, have their military reduced, and League of Nations taking over seas colonies. If it was not for this treaty Germany would not have had the rise of Nazism. The main goal of Nazism was to reunite the German speaking people and they could not do that if all the German speaking countries were spilt up. Alsace Lor raine was taken from Germany and given back to France.Other countries were stripped from Germany and were given to Poland, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, and some made independent countries showing self-determination. All this did was anger the German people, because they blame the signing of the treaty on the people known as the â€Å"November Criminals†. The Weimar Republic did not know who to blame for the defeat and faced many problems similar to that. Revolts let out and so did street gangs. Horrible inflation happened due to the high reparations in the 1920s. This caused many German citizens to have very little hope in the government.Hitler came into power by gaining control of the Nazi Party and got support for finding blame for the war. Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany’s loss in World War I and the economic downfall. In the 1930s Hitler started to use communism uprising as a threat to gain power. He went against the other political parties and set up a fas cist totalitarian state in Germany based on the ideas of Stalin and Mussolini. Each regulation of this treaty led to each event in Germany causing the rise of Hitler and the Nazi party. The League of Nations came along after World War I.The point of the League  was to make sure a war was never to break out again, and keep world peace stabilized. All the countries counted on the League to bring stability into the world. They did not want another disaster to happen, and to avoid this they created an international body whose sole purpose was to maintain world peace. One major problem was this was created when the United States was in isolationism; this meant that the US was not a part of the League. As America was the one of the world’s most powerful country this was a major weakness in the League of Nations. Germany was also not in the League due to the Treaty of Versailles.One of their punishments was not being considered a part of the international community. In 1917 Russia was not allowed to join the League also. Mainly due to the communist government in Russia. This league was lacking powerful countries and that was a big deal if they wanted international peace. The League of Nations did not have an army, therefore, how are they supposed to reinforce the Treaty of Versailles and the peace between countries. The League of Nations would have worked if it was more organized. It also could have prevented the rise of Hitler when everything went bad in Germany.Hitler refused to pay the reparations when he came into power and the League of Nations could not have done anything about it because they had no army. If the League was more organized it could have stop the rise of totalitarianism. Germany was unable to pay was reparations. They had terrible inflation, and their currency became worthless. France was aware of the high reparation costs putting Germany into a great depression. Things got better in Germany for a little until the stock market crashes in 1929 known as Black Tuesday and put Germany back into an economic crisis.This all lead to the overthrow of the government starting with the Freikorps. In 1920 the Freikorps attempted to overthrow the Weimar Republic and tried to blame the communist for it. Germany was in horrible shape with its economy and they would try anything to get out of it. Hitler actually had his reason for this economic crisis it was blaming the Jews. Any sort of way out the German people went along with because they were desperate for help. Hitler banned strikes, placed strict controls on wages and prices to end unemployment and try to improve the economy.He violated the treaty by increasing the military to help unemployment. The League had nothing to stop this so had to let it go by. Germany going into the great depression due to these high reparations is what caused the German people to become desperate and look toward anyone for help. They choose Hitler to listen to and he turns Germany into a fascist totalitarian state. Some countries in Europe during the 1920s were falling apart, and need help desperately. Totalitarian leaders are what these countries came to with Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini, and Mao.The League of Nations was created to stabilize the world and bring peace. But the League had nothing to back it up except for their own word. These European countries economies were crashing, and Germany was in an economic crisis. The German people had to turn to a totalitarian leader to get out of it. Hitler got those jobs and helped the unemployment rate. Totalitarianism could have been stop if the Treaty of Versailles was not as harsh, the League of Nations was put together better, and if the economy had not turn terribly.

syllabus Essay Example

syllabus Essay Example syllabus Essay syllabus Essay El Paso Community College Syllabus Instructors Course Requirements l. Course Number and Instructor Information HECO 1322 NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY INSTRUCTORS NAME CAMPUS AND OFFICE NUMBER Evelin achier, MS, RD, LD Rio Grande No office TELEPHONE NUMBER (cellphone) (575) 642-1850 OFFICE HOURS TO be announced E-MAIL Communication with instructor should be done through the class message system, not through the college e-mail address II. Text, Materials, Links You will need the following materials for the Course: Blackboard MindLink for MindTap Nutrition Instant Access for Sizer/Whitneys Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies, 13th Edition Purchase your Instant Access Code here for $80. This is the only place you can find it for this price. cengagebrain. com/micro/l-1 MI MKVN B. The course is offered through El Paso Community College using Blackboard format. 1. The student must have access toa computer with internet access. If the student does not own a computer, the computer lab and library computers will work fine. 2. The student must use a word processing program for some of the work. Some word processing programs are not compatible with the instructors software nd if that is a problem, the student will be notified early in the semester to change software. 3. The system information and required hardware and software needed for Blackboard can be found on this URL: www. epcc. edu/DistanceEd For assistance getting started with an online course and technical support, contact the 800-630-8849. EPCC Blackboard Help Desk available 2417 (Toll Free) A. How the course works: Students must arrange their schedule to include computer time to complete and submit the work that is required for the course. Our discussion will include the roles that both the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FAST) and the Securities and Exchange commission (SEC) Till In tens process. We wall also review a sample AT corporate Telling required by the SEC. These filings are required of all public entities; those whose securities are listed on any stock exchange in the U. S. Next, we will spend some time becoming familiar with the Abss Accounting Standards Codification (the Codification or ASS). This Codification Project was finalized during the summer of 2009 and the ASS includes all relevant authoritative accounting literature (GAP) issued by both the FAST and the SEC. The ASS will be your source for all accounting research assignments during the quarter. Your familiarity with the ASS will make you much more proficient in your ability to complete accounting research projects as you begin your professional careers. Regarding accounting research, one of my main objectives in this course is to get you out of your so-called comfort zone insofar as financial accounting is concerned. In most financial accounting courses you have been expected to find the one, correct answer in a given set of circumstances. For example, you were expected to learn the one, correct way to calculate the amount of interest to accrue on a note receivable or payable. Similar expectations characterized your tax courses in that you were expected to identify the precise tax treatment for investment income or charitable contributions. In this course you will quickly learn that in many areas of financial accounting and reporting, as in tax accounting, there is not always one obviously correct answer. As a matter of fact, you may discover that in some situations multiple correct answers can be supported. The time that you dedicate to learning how to perform accounting research in an efficient and effective manner will be valuable to you in discovering solutions to obscure accounting issues and learning how to use the authoritative literature to support the conclusions you reach regarding these issues. The portion of the course dedicated to accounting research will often not be as concerned with the black and white areas of financial accounting as it will be with the gray areas. In your careers, you will quickly learn that there are numerous gray areas in financial accounting. The course will also address various financial accounting topics including revenue recognition, fair value measurement and disclosures, and earnings quality issues as they relate to financial reporting. Revenue recognition is one of the most abused financial accounting principles in that businesses may be tempted to manipulate revenue recognition rules to manage or smooth their earnings. The trend toward the use of fair values in financial reporting is growing and we will review current authoritative literature related to this topic. Interestingly, many have blamed the most recent economic crisis, particularly in the banking industry, on disclosures related to fair values. We will also spend time identifying the factors that contribute to the overall quality of reported earnings and what factors detract from that quality. In March 2008, the SEC began allowing foreign companies to file uncial statements prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (FIRS) without reconciliation to US GAP. Before March 2008 reconciliation was required. As a result, the significance of FIRS will be emphasized in the course. You will be given an assignment on the first day of class that requires you to read and answer questions related to several documents issued by the SEC concerning the use of FIRS in SEC filings and the possibility that FIRS will ultimately be adopted in the United States. The assignment will be due toward the end of the quarter. At that mime, we will examine a under AT accounting topics Ana compare Ana contrast tenet treatment between the requirements of US GAP and those found in FIRS. Part of this discussion will focus on distinguishing between rules-based and principles- based accounting systems. We will conclude the course with an overview of key issues as they relate to ethics in accounting and auditing. I realize that most of you are taking this course as you complete your MESA Program approach graduation. Keep in mind that although the end of your academic experience at Default is approaching, this course requires a significant commitment on your part and my expectations for your participation and performance during the term are high. In reality my expectations for this class are similar to those that your employer will have once you begin your careers. You will be expected to read, perform research, draw conclusions and support these conclusions using the authoritative literature, participate in group assignments, write effectively, ask questions, and, above all, to commit to continual learning. You can help insure your success in this course by setting high expectations for yourself. I can assure you that the level of meaningful input and conscientious effort that you devote to this course will have a significant impact on what you learn. And, what you learn will translate into your course grade. In other words, your level of personal commitment to the challenges of this course will be closely related to the payoff for that commitment. CLASS STRUCTURE: The format of a particular class meeting will vary from week to week. I will spend a number of class meetings presenting lecture material. Other classes meeting will be used for group presentations, either formal or informal. Certainly, in every class I ill attempt to initiate classroom discussions where any and all input will be encouraged and given full attention. Given the above flexible and changing class format structure; I have identified the following list of responsibilities or expectations for you as graduate accounting students in a professional program at a major university. Commit to learning rather than grades. It is incumbent on you to recognize the benefits of learning. If you have not already, you will soon discover that if you are genuinely committed to learning, your objective for making a good grade will almost certainly be realized. This commitment requires that you a make a complete and conscientious effort on every assignment and exam. Commit to your group. A significant portion of your grade (35%) will be based on work you submit and/or present as a group. It is your responsibility to make a conscientious commitment to your group on all assignments. Making deals within a group where a certain member or members is excused from work on a particular project in return for doing more work on another is not what I expect. When you begin your careers and are asked to participate in group projects, I can assure you that this arrangement will not be acceptable. Your commitment to learning (see above) requires commitment to each and every group activity. Preparation. Be familiar with the class material to the extent possible before coming to class. I will provide you with an outline for note-taking purposes on DEL prior to each class when I will be lecturing. Your familiarity with the lecture material prior to class will make learning much sealers Ana wall needle you to participate more Tally In classroom Locutions. You should have ample time to review the outline prior to class. Participate in class. I want to know your opinions and viewpoints regarding the various accounting issues we cover. Oftentimes, students have perspectives that their peers (and l) may have not considered. Your input is essential to the overall learning process. View our class as a learning community rather than as a group of disparate individuals without common interests. In a learning community, all members have the responsibility to not only learn but to contribute to the learning of others in the community. Have a positive attitude. A good attitude about learning will make a world of difference. Provide constructive feedback to me and to your classmates. Our classroom discussions will often involve reacting to the views or presentations of others. Your moments are welcome and encouraged and should always be made professionally and respectfully. Ask questions. Try not to be concerned that your questions are stupid or that everyone else already knows the answers. Part of any learning process involves thinking about issues in ways that you are not accustomed. To get the most from this aspect of the learning process, it is critical to have an environment where questions are openly asked and welcomed by all. COURSE REQUIREMENTS As the discussion above indicates, group work, including presentations, will be significant component of this course. In addition, your participation in discussions in al class sessions is critical to your success. As a result, regular attendance is not optional. In particular, you must be present for all of your groups scheduled presentations to receive credit. In other words, if you miss class when your group is scheduled for a presentation, you will not receive credit for that presentation regardless of how much you contributed to the preparation of the presentation materials. If you discover that you must miss ANY class, let me know before that class. If the class you must miss is a presentation date for your group AND you have informed of your absence beforehand, you may ask me to prepare a make-up assignment to ensure that you have learned and understand the material missed and to allow you to receive credit for the presentation. Any make-up assignments will include an oral presentation. Absent extraordinary circumstances, I will not allow anyone to make up work for more than one missed presentation. Finally, arriving for class on time and not leaving early or during class except for scheduled breaks is a matter of personal and professional responsibility and respect for your classmates and me. As a result, I expect all of you to be on time and I strongly request that you tot leave class at any time other than during the scheduled class break. If you anticipate having to leave class early or at any time other than at the break, please let me know before class. Should you fail to exhibit responsibility and respect in this regard, you and I will meet to discuss the issue. Group Assignments: A glance at the Assignment Table should make it obvious that you will have a number of opportunities to complete group work. The group assignments will include both writing exercises and oral presentations and will focus on assigned readings, research, and materials covered in class. Assignment of students to groups will be made at my discretion. I expect all group members to contribute in a meaningful way to all assignments and I anticipate giving the same grade to all members off group for all group assignments. Arrangements where a group member gets a free pass on an assignment in return for extra work on another is not acceptable and I expect to be informed immediately if this is happening. These arrangements serve no purpose except to insure that not everyone learns the relevant material. In order to encourage the behavior described above, I will ask each of you to complete a peer evaluation twice during the term; once in mid-October and once at the end of the term. The peer evaluation will provide each of you the opportunity to let me know if there is not a balanced effort and level of contribution from all of a groups members. If I am not informed of non- contributors via peer evaluations or otherwise, there is nothing I can do to rectify the situation. If I become aware of these situations, I assure you that I will address them immediately. If I am not made aware of situations where group members are getting a free ride, the result is that participating members are doing more work than is expected and non-contributors are receiving grades for work they do not complete. This is not what I intend and it is not fair for anyone involved. Finally, I reserve the right to reduce anyones course grade up to two letter grades if he or she is consistently rated poorly in peer evaluations. I expect all members of a group to be completely familiar with all aspects of an assignment. For example, when I ask questions following an oral presentation, be prepared for me to address the question to anyone in the group rather than only the individual who presented the information that is the focus of my questions. Group presentations will be of two types: formal and informal. Each group will prepare and deliver one formal presentation. This presentation will cover topics introduced in More Than a Numbers Game. Your groups presentation should mimic a professional presentation or a Job interview in terms of your attire, your presentation materials, etc. Each group should: (a) prepare discussion materials (e. G. , Powering slides) to accompany its presentation; make sure that there is consistency in terms of font, margins, headings, billeting, etc. Articulacy if slides are prepared independently; (b) upload our slides to DEL prior to your presentation so that your classmates have ample time to download them and bring them to class; if we are in a computer classroom your classmates will not need a hardcopy. A Forum will be available under the Discussions tab on DEL for this purpose; (c) assign specific speaking parts to all group members; (d) present (do not read) your remarks in a coherent and co hesive manner; (e) dress in a manner fitting of the formal scenario; your attire will count as part of your presentation grade. If you are not sure what constitutes attire appropriate for these presentations, ask me. On the date of your groups formal presentation arrive in class early enough to insure that you are ready to begin Immolate at ten Declining AT class. As you prepare Tort your Doormat presentation, imagine that it is being delivered too client or superiors at your workplace. My evaluation of these presentations will take into consideration (a) the content of the presentation materials including their quality, accuracy, and completeness, (b) the quality of the presentation itself in terms of the presentation skills that each group member exhibits including the overall flow of the presentation from speaker to beaker which is enhanced when all presenters are familiar with the entire presentation, (d) the overall professionalism of the presentation including attire, (e) the length of the presentation with respect to my directives, and (f) whether your group was completely prepared to begin its presentation on time. I will post an example of the evaluation rubric that I will use to assess your presentations on DEL. Finally, each group must email its presentation slides (with any revisions I suggest) to me within 48 hours after the presentation (6:00 p. M. On the Wednesday following your presentation). Do not post the revised slides to DEL; I will do so after I have reviewed them. The purpose of this requirement is to allow me to make the corrected slides available on the course website in a timely fashion to allow your classmates the opportunity to review the presentation content for exam purposes. Failure to meet the 48-hour deadline will result in a one letter grade reduction of your presentation grade if I receive the slides within 24 hours of when they are due; a two letter grade reduction will occur if the slides are more than 24 hours overdue. For informal presentations, each group should be prepared to lead a class discussion elated to the assignment and share its answers with the class. Evaluation of these presentations will primarily take into consideration the content, completeness, and accuracy of the information communicated as well as the effectiveness with which it is presented. Like formal presentations, all group members should have a speaking role and all group members should be completely prepared to answer questions related to any part of the assignment. With these presentations, you my dress in any way you choose and although I will provide general guidelines as to the duration of our presentations, no points will be deducted for longer or shorter presentations relative to the guidelines as long as the all relevant issues are adequately addressed. Several group written assignments are also required. These assignments are due at the beginning of the class period that they are due. If a particular assignment is due on DEL it must be posted before class time. The assignment of responsibilities and the completion of these assignments are up to the discretion of group members within the guidelines mentioned above related to participation by all group members. Specific instructions will be made prior to each assignment. Keep in mind that for exam purposes, all group members are responsible for the content of all group oral and written assignments unless I specifically exclude the content of one or more assignments. Other: In-Class Discussions: As you begin your careers you will learn how important it is for you to have effective verbal communication skills. A significant portion of your communication Walt toners In your Tall Ana Walt clients will De vernal. As a result, the development of verbal communication skills is given a high priority in this course. No doubt improving these skills within our learning community is an important step award mastering them in preparation for your professional careers. Dont feel as if you have to offer insight related to every topic discussed in class. Effective verbal communication requires that one knows when to speak as well as what to say and how to say it. Speak out when you have something to contribute. Should you not do so voluntarily, I will provide a little prodding. Course Grade: Your course grade will be determined as follows: FIRS Term project Written Group Assignments (likely 4 or 5) 15% Formal Group Presentation Presentations (likely 2 or 3) 10% 10% Informal Group Research Assessment Mid-term Exam Final Exam Total 5% 25% 100% As a rule, I do not give make-up exams. However, I do not object to anyone taking an exam early if your situation prevents you from taking it when scheduled. If you have what you feel is a legitimate reason for missing the midterm exam and cannot schedule it early, you must let me know of your situation before the exam is given. Should I allow you to miss the midterm exam, your final exam will count for 50% of your total course grade. Only in the most extraordinary of circumstances will you be allowed to postpone your final exam. A final comment with regard to grading: keep in mind that the grade of Incomplete s not designed for students who have fallen hopelessly behind in a course and who have little chance of catching up. This grade is reserved for students who are making satisfactory progress in a course and, due to unforeseen circumstances that are beyond their control, are not able to complete the course. Please do not ask me to give you an incomplete unless this applies to you. In addition, do not ask me to assign you extra-credit work so that you can improve your grade. There is absolutely NO chance that I will do so. You have any number of ways to earn points toward a passing grade. Again, there will be no opportunity of any kind to do work above and beyond the requirements of the course. Lastly, I realize that most of you are very close to graduation. Your nearness to graduation will have nothing to do with how I grade your performance in this course. Academic Integrity and Personal Ethics: Academic integrity requires a commitment to complete and absolute honesty in your intellectual endeavors. The University has a website dedicated to Academic Integrity.

Technology effect essays

Technology effect essays In the article Cybergrace: The Search for God in the Digital World, ¡ Jennifer Cobb wonders if a collective and self-reflective intelligence,  ¡Ã‚ °God ¡ isn't embodying itself in cyberspace. She observes the God-like nature that humans may gain in cyberspace and warns that we must proceed with caution. To me, the only thing I could think about with technology is it ¡Ã‚ ¯s ability to make almost anything possible such as, genetic engineering, nanotechnology, robotics, and increasing computer power, decreasing computer size. In last decades, the modern technology industry relies very explicitly on faith that the software will work, that the demo won't crash, and that the market will keep going up. Technology is technology; it is a means for communication and transportation over space, and nothing more. Technology that plays a significant role in all aspects of my life today, for example a computer, allows me to use technology benefits me by enhancing my learning capabilities and development in my college education. As a future engineer, the technology makes our life much easier, and it can be a powerful tool for educational use. During my high school years, or even now, a computer is the one of instructional tools that provides the discovery and exchange of information, communication, exploration, learning, and teaching. However, after I read Cobb ¡Ã‚ ¯s article, I must admit a little concept as I begin to see a growing awareness of spirituality in our relationship to machines even in this most secular of worlds. At first, this article starts comparing unlikely subjects that is the Internet and the divine, in Cobb's able hands, a seamlessly woven web of connection. Cobb urges us not to abandon the online world to commercial forces but to realize that "through the medium of computation, our spiritual experience can be extended in profound ways."(160) She proceeds toward an in-depth discussion of the nature of divinity. ...

Law of Business Transactions assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Law of Business Transactions assignment - Essay Example nited Floors Ltd had included an exclusion clause in its contract, which required intimation of any alleged defects within three weeks of fitting the carpets. As such, it had included a clause, whereby its liability per contract was to be restricted to five hundred pounds. Peter is seeking refund of the two, thousand, three hundred pounds paid by him and compensation for the business lost, during the time the carpet was being replaced. United Floors Ltd refuses to accept and relies on its exclusion clause. An exclusion clause can be enforced by resorting to adhesion contracts or standard form contracts. The party which draws up such contracts offers negligible choice to the other party to the contract. In the words of Downes, an authority on contract law, wherever, there is great disparity in the bargaining power of the parties to the contract, exclusion clauses can prove to be extremely prejudicial.1 Legislation like the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 or UCTA and the Unfair Terms of the Consumer Contract Regulations 1999 or UTCCR have been enacted, in order to exercise stringent control on the use of exclusion clauses. The UCTA makes a business liable for not fulfilling obligations or duties that are consequent to what has been done or is to be done in the normal course of business2. Peter’s contract with the United Floors Ltd is subject to the UCTA, because consumer contracts fall under its purview3. In contractual terms reasonableness is of paramount importance and the UCTA verifies as to whether an exclusion clause, after taking into consideration the circumstances that should have normally been known to the contracting parties, is rational4. In this manner the UCTA grants wide discretion to the courts, in determining whether an exclusion clause is reasonable or not. If a contracting party wishes to take recourse to an exclusion clause in the contract, then the onus of establishing its reasonableness rests on it5. The UTCCR deals with all the contractual

Tourism and Holiday Leisure Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Tourism and Holiday Leisure Design - Essay Example The basic design of the tourism and holiday leisure product has to take into consideration the size of the product on offer, the facilities available and/or the quantity and level of services. This is to say that the tourism design package can either be big or small depending mainly on the tastes of the customers. The type of facilities available will also determine how the tourism product is designed. For instance, if the facilities are world-classes and top of the range tourist sites, then the design should reflect this. In some places the level of tourism services is very low while in some areas it is quite high. Therefore, the design of the tourism leisure product or service is likely to differ depending on the priority of tourism in a particular area (Williams and Buswell, 2003). The presentation of the tourism product available in a particular place will depend on the standard of services available. To keep people interested in the tourism package on offer, the standards of ser vice must also be high. Good services in the tourism sector are very important as they determine how well people respond to the tourism offers. If the services are poor, then most likely people will avoid that particular tourism destination and opt for one where they will get satisfactory services. Most product designs in the tourism sector include a wide range of vacation options. Also included in the designs of most travel and tour packages is consumer protection. Vacationers are normally out to enjoy themselves and the problem of insecurity is usually the last thing they would want to deal with (Pikketmaat and Weiermair, nd).